Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions<\/title>\n\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin=\"\">\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.10\/dist\/katex.min.css\">\n <script defer=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.10\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\n <script defer=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.10\/dist\/contrib\/auto-render.min.js\" onload=\"renderMathInElement(document.body, {\n delimiters: [\n { left: '$$', right: '$$', display: true },\n { left: '$', right: '$', display: false }\n ]\n });\"><\/script>\n\n <style>\n *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n\n :root {\n --green: #1a6b3c;\n --green-dark: #0f4a28;\n --green-mid: #2d8a55;\n --green-light: #e8f4ed;\n --green-xlight: #f2faf5;\n --amber: #b45309;\n --amber-light: #fef3c7;\n\n --bg: #ffffff;\n --bg-soft: #f8f9fa;\n --bg-muted: #f1f3f5;\n --border: #e5e7eb;\n --border-mid: #d1d5db;\n\n --text-primary: #111827;\n --text-secondary: #4b5563;\n --text-muted: #9ca3af;\n\n --radius-sm: 6px;\n --radius-md: 8px;\n --radius-lg: 12px;\n --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.06), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.04);\n --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.08), 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.04);\n }\n\n body { min-height: 100vh; }\n\n .article-page {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n min-height: 100vh;\n }\n\n .article-body {\n padding: 40px 28px 64px;\n display: flex;\n align-items: flex-start;\n gap: 36px;\n max-width: 1180px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n width: 100%;\n font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;\n font-size: 15px;\n letter-spacing: 0.02em;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n }\n\n .article-body__main {\n flex: 1;\n min-width: 0;\n max-width: 820px;\n }\n\n .article__title {\n font-size: 24px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n line-height: 1.3;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n }\n\n .article__subtitle {\n font-size: 15px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n line-height: 1.75;\n margin-bottom: 24px;\n }\n\n .article__h2 {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 9px;\n font-size: 17px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n padding-bottom: 10px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);\n margin-top: 28px;\n margin-bottom: 14px;\n }\n\n .article__h2-icon {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n color: var(--green);\n }\n\n .article__p {\n font-size: 15px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n line-height: 1.8;\n margin-bottom: 14px;\n }\n\n .article__list {\n margin: 0 0 14px 0;\n padding-left: 20px;\n list-style: disc;\n }\n\n .article__list li {\n font-size: 14.5px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n line-height: 1.8;\n margin-bottom: 4px;\n }\n .cta-link {\n color: var(--green-dark);\n font-weight: 700;\n font-style: italic;\n text-decoration: underline dotted;\n }\n\n\n \/* ============================================================\n CALLOUT BOXES\n ============================================================ *\/\n .infobox {\n background: var(--green-xlight);\n border-left: 3px solid var(--green);\n border-radius: 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md) 0;\n padding: 12px 16px;\n margin: 16px 0;\n }\n\n .infobox__title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 6px;\n font-size: 13px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--green-dark);\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n }\n\n .infobox__text {\n font-size: 13.5px;\n color: var(--green);\n line-height: 1.65;\n }\n\n .infobox--grey {\n background: var(--bg-muted);\n border-left-color: var(--border-mid);\n }\n\n .infobox--grey .infobox__title { color: var(--text-secondary); }\n .infobox--grey .infobox__text { color: var(--text-secondary); }\n\n .warnbox {\n background: var(--amber-light);\n border-left: 3px solid var(--amber);\n border-radius: 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md) 0;\n padding: 12px 16px;\n margin: 16px 0;\n }\n\n .warnbox__title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 6px;\n font-size: 13px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #92400e;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n }\n\n .warnbox__text {\n font-size: 13.5px;\n color: var(--amber);\n line-height: 1.65;\n }\n\n \/* ============================================================\n IMAGE\n ============================================================ *\/\n .article__figure {\n margin: 20px 0;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .article__figure img {\n max-width: 100%;\n }\n\n .article__figure figcaption {\n font-size: 13px;\n color: var(--text-muted);\n margin-top: 8px;\n }\n\n \/* ============================================================\n TABLE\n ============================================================ *\/\n .article__table-wrap {\n overflow-x: auto;\n margin: 16px 0;\n border-radius: var(--radius-md);\n border: 1px solid var(--border);\n }\n\n .article__table {\n width: 100%;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n font-size: 14px;\n }\n\n .article__table thead {\n background: var(--green);\n }\n\n .article__table th {\n text-align: left;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #ffffff;\n padding: 10px 14px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);\n white-space: nowrap;\n }\n\n .article__table td {\n padding: 10px 14px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);\n line-height: 1.6;\n vertical-align: top;\n }\n\n .article__table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }\n\n .badge {\n display: inline-block;\n font-size: 12px;\n font-weight: 600;\n padding: 2px 8px;\n border-radius: 20px;\n background: var(--green-light);\n color: var(--green-dark);\n }\n\n \/* ============================================================\n RESPONSIVE\n ============================================================ *\/\n @media (max-width: 900px) {\n .article-body { flex-direction: column; padding: 20px 20px 48px; }\n }\n \n \/* Formula blocks *\/\n .formula-block {\n background: var(--bg-soft);\n border: 1px solid var(--border);\n border-radius: var(--radius-md);\n padding: 16px 20px;\n margin: 16px 0;\n text-align: center;\n overflow-x: auto;\n }\n .katex { font-size: 1.1em; }\n .formula-block .katex { font-size: 1.25em; }\n .formula-block .katex-display { margin: 0; }\n\n \/* Glossary tooltips *\/\n .glossary-term {\n border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--green);\n color: var(--green);\n font-style: italic;\n cursor: help;\n }\n .glossary-tooltip {\n position: fixed;\n z-index: 9999;\n background: #fff;\n border: 1px solid var(--border-mid);\n border-radius: var(--radius-md);\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n padding: 10px 14px;\n max-width: 300px;\n font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;\n font-size: 13px;\n }\n .glossary-tooltip__title {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n margin-bottom: 4px;\n }\n .glossary-tooltip__def {\n font-size: 12.5px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n line-height: 1.6;\n }\n .glossary-tooltip__tag {\n display: inline-block;\n margin-top: 6px;\n font-size: 9px;\n font-weight: 600;\n padding: 2px 7px;\n border-radius: 20px;\n background: var(--green-light);\n color: var(--green-dark);\n text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: 0.04em;\n }\n\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div id=\"tt-diametro-primitivo\" class=\"glossary-tooltip\" hidden=\"\">\n <div class=\"glossary-tooltip__title\">Pitch diameter<\/div>\n <div class=\"glossary-tooltip__def\">Diameter of the theoretical circle at which contact occurs between two meshing gears. Obtained from the product of the module and the number of teeth.<\/div>\n <span class=\"glossary-tooltip__tag\">Glossary<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"tt-evolvente\" class=\"glossary-tooltip\" hidden=\"\">\n <div class=\"glossary-tooltip__title\">Involute<\/div>\n <div class=\"glossary-tooltip__def\">Geometric curve defining the tooth flank profile. Generated by unwrapping a straight line that rolls without slipping on a base circle. It ensures a constant transmission ratio even in the presence of small centre-distance errors.<\/div>\n <span class=\"glossary-tooltip__tag\">Glossary<\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n <div class=\"article-page\">\n <div class=\"article-body\">\n <div class=\"article-body__main\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n \"@graph\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"TechArticle\",\n \"@id\": \"#article\",\n \"headline\": \"Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions\",\n \"description\": \"You know your motor's torque and the pinion module. From these two figures you can derive everything: the force that moves the load, the feed speed, the position resolution. The formulas are few and direct.\",\n \"inLanguage\": \"en\",\n \"mentions\": [\n {\n \"@id\": \"#term-diametro-primitivo\"\n },\n {\n \"@id\": \"#term-evolvente\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"DefinedTermSet\",\n \"@id\": \"#glossario\",\n \"name\": \"Glossario - Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions\",\n \"hasDefinedTerm\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"DefinedTerm\",\n \"@id\": \"#term-diametro-primitivo\",\n \"name\": \"Pitch diameter\",\n \"description\": \"Diameter of the theoretical circle at which contact occurs between two meshing gears. Obtained from the product of the module and the number of teeth.\",\n \"inDefinedTermSet\": \"#glossario\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"DefinedTerm\",\n \"@id\": \"#term-evolvente\",\n \"name\": \"Involute\",\n \"description\": \"Geometric curve defining the tooth flank profile. Generated by unwrapping a straight line that rolls without slipping on a base circle. It ensures a constant transmission ratio even in the presence of small centre-distance errors.\",\n \"inDefinedTermSet\": \"#glossario\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n <h1 class=\"article__title\">Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions<\/h1>\n<p class=\"article__subtitle\">You know your motor’s torque and the pinion module. From these two figures you can derive everything: the force that moves the load, the feed speed, the position resolution. The formulas are few and direct.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"from-motor-to-linear-motion\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"><\/line><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"><\/polyline><\/svg><\/span>\n From motor to linear motion\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__p\">The rack transmission converts the rotary motion of the pinion into linear translation of the carriage (or of the fixed rack with a moving carriage). The two fundamental relations are:<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Feed speed:<\/strong> v = \u03c0 \u00d7 m \u00d7 z \u00d7 n (where n is the pinion’s rotational speed in rev\/s)<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Tangential force:<\/strong> Ft = 2 \u00d7 Mt \/ d (where Mt is the driving torque on the pinion and d = m \u00d7 z is the <dfn id=\"def-diametro-primitivo\"><span class=\"glossary-term\" data-tooltip=\"tt-diametro-primitivo\" title=\"Diameter of the theoretical circle at which contact occurs between two meshing gears. Obtained from the product of the module and the number of teeth.\">pitch diameter<\/span><\/dfn>)<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\">The efficiency of the rack transmission is generally high: \u03b7 = 0.95 – 0.98, thanks to the reduced sliding on the <dfn id=\"def-evolvente\"><span class=\"glossary-term\" data-tooltip=\"tt-evolvente\" title=\"Geometric curve defining the tooth flank profile. Generated by unwrapping a straight line that rolls without slipping on a base circle. It ensures a constant transmission ratio even in the presence of small centre-distance errors.\">involute<\/span><\/dfn> profiles.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"table-of-the-main-formulas\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12 14 4-4\"><\/path><path d=\"M3.34 19a10 10 0 1 1 17.32 0\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n Table of the main formulas\n<\/h2>\n<div class=\"article__table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"article__table\">\n<thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Formula<\/th><th>Unit<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td>Feed speed<\/td><td>$v = \\pi \\times m \\times z \\times n$<\/td><td>m\/s (with n in rev\/s)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Advance per revolution<\/td><td>$s\/rev = \\pi \\times m \\times z$<\/td><td>mm\/rev<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Tangential force<\/td><td>$Ft = \\frac{2 \\times Mt}{(m \\times z)}$<\/td><td>N (Mt in N\u00b7mm)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Radial force<\/td><td>$Fr = Ft \\times tan(20\u00b0) = 0.364 \\times Ft$<\/td><td>N<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Resultant force on the tooth<\/td><td>$Fn = \\frac{Ft}{cos(20\u00b0)} = 1.064 \\times Ft$<\/td><td>N<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Transmitted power<\/td><td>$P = Ft \\times v$<\/td><td>W<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Torque required at the pinion<\/td><td>$Mt = \\frac{Ft \\times m \\times z}{2}$<\/td><td>N\u00b7mm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"allowable-useful-force-in-nylon\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"2\" y=\"2\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"><\/rect><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"16\" y2=\"6\"><\/line><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"10\" x2=\"14\" y2=\"10\"><\/line><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"16\" y2=\"14\"><\/line><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"18\"><\/line><\/svg><\/span>\n Allowable useful force in nylon\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__p\">The allowable tangential force for a rack depends on the module, the tooth width, the operating speed and the working temperature.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\">As a reference for a first sizing: for racks in PA6+30%GF (polyamide 6 reinforced with 30% glass fiber), module 2, width 20 mm, speed below 0.5 m\/s and temperature below 40\u00b0C, the continuous useful force is in the order of 150-300 N.<\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox infobox--grey\">\n <div class=\"infobox__title\">\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.7 6.3a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.4l1.6 1.6a1 1 0 0 0 1.4 0l3.77-3.77a6 6 0 0 1-7.94 7.94l-6.91 6.91a2.12 2.12 0 0 1-3-3l6.91-6.91a6 6 0 0 1 7.94-7.94l-3.76 3.76z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n Technical note\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"infobox__text\">For accurate calculations, verify the tooth-root strength according to ISO 6336 (the international standard for calculating the load-carrying capacity of gears) adapted to the properties of the polymer material, and the Hertzian pressure on the tooth flank (the contact pressure generated between the surfaces of meshing teeth). Both values depend on the specific material and the operating conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"complete-numerical-example\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"><\/circle><\/svg><\/span>\n Complete numerical example\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Scenario:<\/strong> workpiece carriage on a linear guide. Data: mass to translate M = 15 kg, maximum acceleration a = 2 m\/$s^2$, maximum speed v = 0.8 m\/s, pinion m = 2, z = 20 in POM-C.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Calculation of the total force:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"article__list\">\n <li>Inertia force: F_inertia = 15 \u00d7 2 = 30 N<\/li>\n <li>Friction force: F_friction = 15 \u00d7 9.81 \u00d7 0.1 (guide friction coefficient) = 14.7 N<\/li>\n <li>Total force: F_total = 44.7 N \u2248 45 N<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Driving torque required:<\/strong> Mt = F \u00d7 d\/2 = 45 \u00d7 (2 \u00d7 20)\/2 = 45 \u00d7 20 = 900 N\u00b7mm = 0.9 N\u00b7m<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Pinion rotational speed:<\/strong> n = v \/ (\u03c0 \u00d7 m \u00d7 z) = 0.8 \/ (\u03c0 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 0.001) = 0.8 \/ 0.1257 = 6.36 rev\/s = 382 rpm<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"advance-per-revolution-the-figure-to-keep-handy\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"><\/circle><\/svg><\/span>\n Advance per revolution: the figure to keep handy\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__p\">The advance per revolution is the value to keep within reach when working with incremental encoders on the motor, that is, the sensors that count the revolutions and let you calculate the linear displacement of the carriage.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"article__list\">\n <li>Pinion m = 2, z = 20: advance = \u03c0 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 20 = 125.7 mm\/rev<\/li>\n <li>Pinion m = 3, z = 20: advance = \u03c0 \u00d7 3 \u00d7 20 = 188.5 mm\/rev<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"article__p\">These values let you quickly calculate the position resolution of the linear axis as a function of the encoder resolution.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"peripheral-speed-and-thermal-limits-in-nylon\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"><\/circle><\/svg><\/span>\n Peripheral speed and thermal limits in nylon\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__p\">Technopolymer racks, both PA6 and POM-C, have a peripheral-speed limit linked to the heat generated by friction between the teeth. Above 2-3 m\/s, the heat produced can lead to accelerated wear or localized melting of the profile.<\/p>\n<div class=\"warnbox\">\n <div class=\"warnbox__title\">\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M10.29 3.86L1.82 18a2 2 0 0 0 1.71 3h16.94a2 2 0 0 0 1.71-3L13.71 3.86a2 2 0 0 0-3.42 0z\"><\/path><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"9\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"13\"><\/line><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"17\" x2=\"12.01\" y2=\"17\"><\/line><\/svg>\n Warning\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"warnbox__text\">The limit isn’t the same for all nylons. PA6+GF (glass-fiber reinforced) and the graphite versions withstand higher speeds than non-reinforced PA6 or standard POM-C. Before ruling out nylon for a high-speed application, verify the specific grade and the real thermal conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"article__p\">For speeds above 2-3 m\/s with significant loads, assess whether the nylon profile can be sized for that condition or whether it’s preferable to turn to toothed-belt transmissions, which in that range operate with less heat development.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\">If your application combines high speed, variable load or high ambient temperature, <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/contacts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"cta-link\">write<\/a> to us at the technical office: we verify together which material grade and which geometry withstand the real conditions.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n<script>\n (function () {\n var hideTimers = {};\n function positionTooltip(trigger, tooltip) {\n var margin = 8;\n tooltip.style.visibility = 'hidden';\n tooltip.style.top = '-9999px';\n tooltip.style.left = '-9999px';\n tooltip.removeAttribute('hidden');\n var ttRect = tooltip.getBoundingClientRect();\n var trRect = trigger.getBoundingClientRect();\n var vw = window.innerWidth, vh = window.innerHeight;\n var top = trRect.bottom + margin;\n var left = trRect.left;\n if (top + ttRect.height + margin > vh) {\n var above = trRect.top - ttRect.height - margin;\n top = above >= margin ? above : Math.max(margin, vh - ttRect.height - margin);\n }\n if (left + ttRect.width + margin > vw) left = vw - ttRect.width - margin;\n if (left < margin) left = margin;\n tooltip.style.top = top + 'px';\n tooltip.style.left = left + 'px';\n tooltip.style.visibility = '';\n }\n function showTooltip(ttId, trigger) {\n if (hideTimers[ttId]) { clearTimeout(hideTimers[ttId]); hideTimers[ttId] = null; }\n positionTooltip(trigger, document.getElementById(ttId));\n }\n function hideTooltip(ttId) {\n hideTimers[ttId] = setTimeout(function () {\n var tt = document.getElementById(ttId);\n if (tt) tt.setAttribute('hidden', '');\n hideTimers[ttId] = null;\n }, 180);\n }\n function cancelHide(ttId) {\n if (hideTimers[ttId]) { clearTimeout(hideTimers[ttId]); hideTimers[ttId] = null; }\n }\n document.querySelectorAll('[data-tooltip]').forEach(function (trigger) {\n var ttId = trigger.getAttribute('data-tooltip');\n trigger.addEventListener('mouseenter', function () { showTooltip(ttId, trigger); });\n trigger.addEventListener('mouseleave', function () { hideTooltip(ttId); });\n });\n ['tt-diametro-primitivo', 'tt-evolvente'].forEach(function (ttId) {\n var tt = document.getElementById(ttId);\n if (!tt) return;\n tt.addEventListener('mouseenter', function () { cancelHide(ttId); });\n tt.addEventListener('mouseleave', function () { hideTooltip(ttId); });\n });\n })();\n<\/script>\n\n<\/body><\/html>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Formulas and kinematic calculations to determine linear useful force and speed starting from motor torque and pinion module.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"campo-applicazione":[5454],"categoria-ct":[5446],"class_list":["post-25609","centro-tecnico","type-centro-tecnico","status-publish","hentry","campo-applicazione-mechanics","categoria-ct-racks-and-matching-pinions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Stagnoli Gears Shop\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/StagnoliGears\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-10T11:54:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/technical-hub\\\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/technical-hub\\\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\\\/\",\"name\":\"Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-30T09:46:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-10T11:54:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/technical-hub\\\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/technical-hub\\\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/technical-hub\\\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Stagnoli\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Stagnoli Gears\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/logo-stagnoli-shop.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/logo-stagnoli-shop.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Stagnoli Gears\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/StagnoliGears\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@stagnoli_gears\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/showcase\\\/stagnoli-gears\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop","description":"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop","og_description":"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.","og_url":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/","og_site_name":"Stagnoli Gears Shop","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/StagnoliGears","article_modified_time":"2026-07-10T11:54:28+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/","url":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/","name":"Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-06-30T09:46:35+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-10T11:54:28+00:00","description":"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/","name":"Stagnoli","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#organization","name":"Stagnoli Gears","url":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-stagnoli-shop.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-stagnoli-shop.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Stagnoli Gears"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/StagnoliGears","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@stagnoli_gears","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/showcase\/stagnoli-gears\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/centro-tecnico\/25609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/centro-tecnico"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/centro-tecnico"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"campo-applicazione","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/campo-applicazione?post=25609"},{"taxonomy":"categoria-ct","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categoria-ct?post=25609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":25609,"date":"2026-06-30T11:46:35","date_gmt":"2026-06-30T09:46:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/?post_type=centro-tecnico&p=25609"},"modified":"2026-07-10T13:54:28","modified_gmt":"2026-07-10T11:54:28","slug":"useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions","status":"publish","type":"centro-tecnico","link":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/","title":{"rendered":"Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n \n \n \n Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions<\/title>\n\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin=\"\">\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.10\/dist\/katex.min.css\">\n <script defer=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.10\/dist\/katex.min.js\"><\/script>\n <script defer=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/katex@0.16.10\/dist\/contrib\/auto-render.min.js\" onload=\"renderMathInElement(document.body, {\n delimiters: [\n { left: '$$', right: '$$', display: true },\n { left: '$', right: '$', display: false }\n ]\n });\"><\/script>\n\n <style>\n *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }\n\n :root {\n --green: #1a6b3c;\n --green-dark: #0f4a28;\n --green-mid: #2d8a55;\n --green-light: #e8f4ed;\n --green-xlight: #f2faf5;\n --amber: #b45309;\n --amber-light: #fef3c7;\n\n --bg: #ffffff;\n --bg-soft: #f8f9fa;\n --bg-muted: #f1f3f5;\n --border: #e5e7eb;\n --border-mid: #d1d5db;\n\n --text-primary: #111827;\n --text-secondary: #4b5563;\n --text-muted: #9ca3af;\n\n --radius-sm: 6px;\n --radius-md: 8px;\n --radius-lg: 12px;\n --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.06), 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.04);\n --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.08), 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.04);\n }\n\n body { min-height: 100vh; }\n\n .article-page {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n min-height: 100vh;\n }\n\n .article-body {\n padding: 40px 28px 64px;\n display: flex;\n align-items: flex-start;\n gap: 36px;\n max-width: 1180px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n width: 100%;\n font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;\n font-size: 15px;\n letter-spacing: 0.02em;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n }\n\n .article-body__main {\n flex: 1;\n min-width: 0;\n max-width: 820px;\n }\n\n .article__title {\n font-size: 24px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n line-height: 1.3;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n }\n\n .article__subtitle {\n font-size: 15px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n line-height: 1.75;\n margin-bottom: 24px;\n }\n\n .article__h2 {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 9px;\n font-size: 17px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n padding-bottom: 10px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);\n margin-top: 28px;\n margin-bottom: 14px;\n }\n\n .article__h2-icon {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n color: var(--green);\n }\n\n .article__p {\n font-size: 15px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n line-height: 1.8;\n margin-bottom: 14px;\n }\n\n .article__list {\n margin: 0 0 14px 0;\n padding-left: 20px;\n list-style: disc;\n }\n\n .article__list li {\n font-size: 14.5px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n line-height: 1.8;\n margin-bottom: 4px;\n }\n .cta-link {\n color: var(--green-dark);\n font-weight: 700;\n font-style: italic;\n text-decoration: underline dotted;\n }\n\n\n \/* ============================================================\n CALLOUT BOXES\n ============================================================ *\/\n .infobox {\n background: var(--green-xlight);\n border-left: 3px solid var(--green);\n border-radius: 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md) 0;\n padding: 12px 16px;\n margin: 16px 0;\n }\n\n .infobox__title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 6px;\n font-size: 13px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--green-dark);\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n }\n\n .infobox__text {\n font-size: 13.5px;\n color: var(--green);\n line-height: 1.65;\n }\n\n .infobox--grey {\n background: var(--bg-muted);\n border-left-color: var(--border-mid);\n }\n\n .infobox--grey .infobox__title { color: var(--text-secondary); }\n .infobox--grey .infobox__text { color: var(--text-secondary); }\n\n .warnbox {\n background: var(--amber-light);\n border-left: 3px solid var(--amber);\n border-radius: 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md) 0;\n padding: 12px 16px;\n margin: 16px 0;\n }\n\n .warnbox__title {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 6px;\n font-size: 13px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #92400e;\n margin-bottom: 5px;\n }\n\n .warnbox__text {\n font-size: 13.5px;\n color: var(--amber);\n line-height: 1.65;\n }\n\n \/* ============================================================\n IMAGE\n ============================================================ *\/\n .article__figure {\n margin: 20px 0;\n text-align: center;\n }\n\n .article__figure img {\n max-width: 100%;\n }\n\n .article__figure figcaption {\n font-size: 13px;\n color: var(--text-muted);\n margin-top: 8px;\n }\n\n \/* ============================================================\n TABLE\n ============================================================ *\/\n .article__table-wrap {\n overflow-x: auto;\n margin: 16px 0;\n border-radius: var(--radius-md);\n border: 1px solid var(--border);\n }\n\n .article__table {\n width: 100%;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n font-size: 14px;\n }\n\n .article__table thead {\n background: var(--green);\n }\n\n .article__table th {\n text-align: left;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #ffffff;\n padding: 10px 14px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);\n white-space: nowrap;\n }\n\n .article__table td {\n padding: 10px 14px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);\n line-height: 1.6;\n vertical-align: top;\n }\n\n .article__table tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }\n\n .badge {\n display: inline-block;\n font-size: 12px;\n font-weight: 600;\n padding: 2px 8px;\n border-radius: 20px;\n background: var(--green-light);\n color: var(--green-dark);\n }\n\n \/* ============================================================\n RESPONSIVE\n ============================================================ *\/\n @media (max-width: 900px) {\n .article-body { flex-direction: column; padding: 20px 20px 48px; }\n }\n \n \/* Formula blocks *\/\n .formula-block {\n background: var(--bg-soft);\n border: 1px solid var(--border);\n border-radius: var(--radius-md);\n padding: 16px 20px;\n margin: 16px 0;\n text-align: center;\n overflow-x: auto;\n }\n .katex { font-size: 1.1em; }\n .formula-block .katex { font-size: 1.25em; }\n .formula-block .katex-display { margin: 0; }\n\n \/* Glossary tooltips *\/\n .glossary-term {\n border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--green);\n color: var(--green);\n font-style: italic;\n cursor: help;\n }\n .glossary-tooltip {\n position: fixed;\n z-index: 9999;\n background: #fff;\n border: 1px solid var(--border-mid);\n border-radius: var(--radius-md);\n box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);\n padding: 10px 14px;\n max-width: 300px;\n font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;\n font-size: 13px;\n }\n .glossary-tooltip__title {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: var(--text-primary);\n margin-bottom: 4px;\n }\n .glossary-tooltip__def {\n font-size: 12.5px;\n color: var(--text-secondary);\n line-height: 1.6;\n }\n .glossary-tooltip__tag {\n display: inline-block;\n margin-top: 6px;\n font-size: 9px;\n font-weight: 600;\n padding: 2px 7px;\n border-radius: 20px;\n background: var(--green-light);\n color: var(--green-dark);\n text-transform: uppercase;\n letter-spacing: 0.04em;\n }\n\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n\n<div id=\"tt-diametro-primitivo\" class=\"glossary-tooltip\" hidden=\"\">\n <div class=\"glossary-tooltip__title\">Pitch diameter<\/div>\n <div class=\"glossary-tooltip__def\">Diameter of the theoretical circle at which contact occurs between two meshing gears. Obtained from the product of the module and the number of teeth.<\/div>\n <span class=\"glossary-tooltip__tag\">Glossary<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"tt-evolvente\" class=\"glossary-tooltip\" hidden=\"\">\n <div class=\"glossary-tooltip__title\">Involute<\/div>\n <div class=\"glossary-tooltip__def\">Geometric curve defining the tooth flank profile. Generated by unwrapping a straight line that rolls without slipping on a base circle. It ensures a constant transmission ratio even in the presence of small centre-distance errors.<\/div>\n <span class=\"glossary-tooltip__tag\">Glossary<\/span>\n<\/div>\n\n <div class=\"article-page\">\n <div class=\"article-body\">\n <div class=\"article-body__main\"><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n \"@graph\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"TechArticle\",\n \"@id\": \"#article\",\n \"headline\": \"Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions\",\n \"description\": \"You know your motor's torque and the pinion module. From these two figures you can derive everything: the force that moves the load, the feed speed, the position resolution. The formulas are few and direct.\",\n \"inLanguage\": \"en\",\n \"mentions\": [\n {\n \"@id\": \"#term-diametro-primitivo\"\n },\n {\n \"@id\": \"#term-evolvente\"\n }\n ]\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"DefinedTermSet\",\n \"@id\": \"#glossario\",\n \"name\": \"Glossario - Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions\",\n \"hasDefinedTerm\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"DefinedTerm\",\n \"@id\": \"#term-diametro-primitivo\",\n \"name\": \"Pitch diameter\",\n \"description\": \"Diameter of the theoretical circle at which contact occurs between two meshing gears. Obtained from the product of the module and the number of teeth.\",\n \"inDefinedTermSet\": \"#glossario\"\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"DefinedTerm\",\n \"@id\": \"#term-evolvente\",\n \"name\": \"Involute\",\n \"description\": \"Geometric curve defining the tooth flank profile. Generated by unwrapping a straight line that rolls without slipping on a base circle. It ensures a constant transmission ratio even in the presence of small centre-distance errors.\",\n \"inDefinedTermSet\": \"#glossario\"\n }\n ]\n }\n ]\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n <h1 class=\"article__title\">Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions<\/h1>\n<p class=\"article__subtitle\">You know your motor’s torque and the pinion module. From these two figures you can derive everything: the force that moves the load, the feed speed, the position resolution. The formulas are few and direct.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"from-motor-to-linear-motion\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"5\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"19\" y2=\"12\"><\/line><polyline points=\"12 5 19 12 12 19\"><\/polyline><\/svg><\/span>\n From motor to linear motion\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__p\">The rack transmission converts the rotary motion of the pinion into linear translation of the carriage (or of the fixed rack with a moving carriage). The two fundamental relations are:<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Feed speed:<\/strong> v = \u03c0 \u00d7 m \u00d7 z \u00d7 n (where n is the pinion’s rotational speed in rev\/s)<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Tangential force:<\/strong> Ft = 2 \u00d7 Mt \/ d (where Mt is the driving torque on the pinion and d = m \u00d7 z is the <dfn id=\"def-diametro-primitivo\"><span class=\"glossary-term\" data-tooltip=\"tt-diametro-primitivo\" title=\"Diameter of the theoretical circle at which contact occurs between two meshing gears. Obtained from the product of the module and the number of teeth.\">pitch diameter<\/span><\/dfn>)<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\">The efficiency of the rack transmission is generally high: \u03b7 = 0.95 – 0.98, thanks to the reduced sliding on the <dfn id=\"def-evolvente\"><span class=\"glossary-term\" data-tooltip=\"tt-evolvente\" title=\"Geometric curve defining the tooth flank profile. Generated by unwrapping a straight line that rolls without slipping on a base circle. It ensures a constant transmission ratio even in the presence of small centre-distance errors.\">involute<\/span><\/dfn> profiles.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"table-of-the-main-formulas\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12 14 4-4\"><\/path><path d=\"M3.34 19a10 10 0 1 1 17.32 0\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n Table of the main formulas\n<\/h2>\n<div class=\"article__table-wrap\">\n<table class=\"article__table\">\n<thead><tr><th>Parameter<\/th><th>Formula<\/th><th>Unit<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody><tr><td>Feed speed<\/td><td>$v = \\pi \\times m \\times z \\times n$<\/td><td>m\/s (with n in rev\/s)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Advance per revolution<\/td><td>$s\/rev = \\pi \\times m \\times z$<\/td><td>mm\/rev<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Tangential force<\/td><td>$Ft = \\frac{2 \\times Mt}{(m \\times z)}$<\/td><td>N (Mt in N\u00b7mm)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Radial force<\/td><td>$Fr = Ft \\times tan(20\u00b0) = 0.364 \\times Ft$<\/td><td>N<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Resultant force on the tooth<\/td><td>$Fn = \\frac{Ft}{cos(20\u00b0)} = 1.064 \\times Ft$<\/td><td>N<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Transmitted power<\/td><td>$P = Ft \\times v$<\/td><td>W<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Torque required at the pinion<\/td><td>$Mt = \\frac{Ft \\times m \\times z}{2}$<\/td><td>N\u00b7mm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"allowable-useful-force-in-nylon\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"2\" y=\"2\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"><\/rect><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"16\" y2=\"6\"><\/line><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"10\" x2=\"14\" y2=\"10\"><\/line><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"14\" x2=\"16\" y2=\"14\"><\/line><line x1=\"8\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"18\"><\/line><\/svg><\/span>\n Allowable useful force in nylon\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__p\">The allowable tangential force for a rack depends on the module, the tooth width, the operating speed and the working temperature.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\">As a reference for a first sizing: for racks in PA6+30%GF (polyamide 6 reinforced with 30% glass fiber), module 2, width 20 mm, speed below 0.5 m\/s and temperature below 40\u00b0C, the continuous useful force is in the order of 150-300 N.<\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox infobox--grey\">\n <div class=\"infobox__title\">\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.7 6.3a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.4l1.6 1.6a1 1 0 0 0 1.4 0l3.77-3.77a6 6 0 0 1-7.94 7.94l-6.91 6.91a2.12 2.12 0 0 1-3-3l6.91-6.91a6 6 0 0 1 7.94-7.94l-3.76 3.76z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n Technical note\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"infobox__text\">For accurate calculations, verify the tooth-root strength according to ISO 6336 (the international standard for calculating the load-carrying capacity of gears) adapted to the properties of the polymer material, and the Hertzian pressure on the tooth flank (the contact pressure generated between the surfaces of meshing teeth). Both values depend on the specific material and the operating conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"complete-numerical-example\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"><\/circle><\/svg><\/span>\n Complete numerical example\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Scenario:<\/strong> workpiece carriage on a linear guide. Data: mass to translate M = 15 kg, maximum acceleration a = 2 m\/$s^2$, maximum speed v = 0.8 m\/s, pinion m = 2, z = 20 in POM-C.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Calculation of the total force:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"article__list\">\n <li>Inertia force: F_inertia = 15 \u00d7 2 = 30 N<\/li>\n <li>Friction force: F_friction = 15 \u00d7 9.81 \u00d7 0.1 (guide friction coefficient) = 14.7 N<\/li>\n <li>Total force: F_total = 44.7 N \u2248 45 N<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Driving torque required:<\/strong> Mt = F \u00d7 d\/2 = 45 \u00d7 (2 \u00d7 20)\/2 = 45 \u00d7 20 = 900 N\u00b7mm = 0.9 N\u00b7m<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\"><strong>Pinion rotational speed:<\/strong> n = v \/ (\u03c0 \u00d7 m \u00d7 z) = 0.8 \/ (\u03c0 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 0.001) = 0.8 \/ 0.1257 = 6.36 rev\/s = 382 rpm<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"advance-per-revolution-the-figure-to-keep-handy\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"><\/circle><\/svg><\/span>\n Advance per revolution: the figure to keep handy\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__p\">The advance per revolution is the value to keep within reach when working with incremental encoders on the motor, that is, the sensors that count the revolutions and let you calculate the linear displacement of the carriage.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"article__list\">\n <li>Pinion m = 2, z = 20: advance = \u03c0 \u00d7 2 \u00d7 20 = 125.7 mm\/rev<\/li>\n <li>Pinion m = 3, z = 20: advance = \u03c0 \u00d7 3 \u00d7 20 = 188.5 mm\/rev<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"article__p\">These values let you quickly calculate the position resolution of the linear axis as a function of the encoder resolution.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"article__h2\" id=\"peripheral-speed-and-thermal-limits-in-nylon\">\n <span class=\"article__h2-icon\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"><\/circle><\/svg><\/span>\n Peripheral speed and thermal limits in nylon\n<\/h2>\n<p class=\"article__p\">Technopolymer racks, both PA6 and POM-C, have a peripheral-speed limit linked to the heat generated by friction between the teeth. Above 2-3 m\/s, the heat produced can lead to accelerated wear or localized melting of the profile.<\/p>\n<div class=\"warnbox\">\n <div class=\"warnbox__title\">\n <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M10.29 3.86L1.82 18a2 2 0 0 0 1.71 3h16.94a2 2 0 0 0 1.71-3L13.71 3.86a2 2 0 0 0-3.42 0z\"><\/path><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"9\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"13\"><\/line><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"17\" x2=\"12.01\" y2=\"17\"><\/line><\/svg>\n Warning\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"warnbox__text\">The limit isn’t the same for all nylons. PA6+GF (glass-fiber reinforced) and the graphite versions withstand higher speeds than non-reinforced PA6 or standard POM-C. Before ruling out nylon for a high-speed application, verify the specific grade and the real thermal conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"article__p\">For speeds above 2-3 m\/s with significant loads, assess whether the nylon profile can be sized for that condition or whether it’s preferable to turn to toothed-belt transmissions, which in that range operate with less heat development.<\/p>\n<p class=\"article__p\">If your application combines high speed, variable load or high ambient temperature, <a href=\"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/contacts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"cta-link\">write<\/a> to us at the technical office: we verify together which material grade and which geometry withstand the real conditions.<\/p>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n\n<script>\n (function () {\n var hideTimers = {};\n function positionTooltip(trigger, tooltip) {\n var margin = 8;\n tooltip.style.visibility = 'hidden';\n tooltip.style.top = '-9999px';\n tooltip.style.left = '-9999px';\n tooltip.removeAttribute('hidden');\n var ttRect = tooltip.getBoundingClientRect();\n var trRect = trigger.getBoundingClientRect();\n var vw = window.innerWidth, vh = window.innerHeight;\n var top = trRect.bottom + margin;\n var left = trRect.left;\n if (top + ttRect.height + margin > vh) {\n var above = trRect.top - ttRect.height - margin;\n top = above >= margin ? above : Math.max(margin, vh - ttRect.height - margin);\n }\n if (left + ttRect.width + margin > vw) left = vw - ttRect.width - margin;\n if (left < margin) left = margin;\n tooltip.style.top = top + 'px';\n tooltip.style.left = left + 'px';\n tooltip.style.visibility = '';\n }\n function showTooltip(ttId, trigger) {\n if (hideTimers[ttId]) { clearTimeout(hideTimers[ttId]); hideTimers[ttId] = null; }\n positionTooltip(trigger, document.getElementById(ttId));\n }\n function hideTooltip(ttId) {\n hideTimers[ttId] = setTimeout(function () {\n var tt = document.getElementById(ttId);\n if (tt) tt.setAttribute('hidden', '');\n hideTimers[ttId] = null;\n }, 180);\n }\n function cancelHide(ttId) {\n if (hideTimers[ttId]) { clearTimeout(hideTimers[ttId]); hideTimers[ttId] = null; }\n }\n document.querySelectorAll('[data-tooltip]').forEach(function (trigger) {\n var ttId = trigger.getAttribute('data-tooltip');\n trigger.addEventListener('mouseenter', function () { showTooltip(ttId, trigger); });\n trigger.addEventListener('mouseleave', function () { hideTooltip(ttId); });\n });\n ['tt-diametro-primitivo', 'tt-evolvente'].forEach(function (ttId) {\n var tt = document.getElementById(ttId);\n if (!tt) return;\n tt.addEventListener('mouseenter', function () { cancelHide(ttId); });\n tt.addEventListener('mouseleave', function () { hideTooltip(ttId); });\n });\n })();\n<\/script>\n\n<\/body><\/html>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Formulas and kinematic calculations to determine linear useful force and speed starting from motor torque and pinion module.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"campo-applicazione":[5454],"categoria-ct":[5446],"class_list":["post-25609","centro-tecnico","type-centro-tecnico","status-publish","hentry","campo-applicazione-mechanics","categoria-ct-racks-and-matching-pinions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Stagnoli Gears Shop\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/StagnoliGears\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-10T11:54:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/technical-hub\\\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/technical-hub\\\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\\\/\",\"name\":\"Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-30T09:46:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-10T11:54:28+00:00\",\"description\":\"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/technical-hub\\\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/technical-hub\\\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/technical-hub\\\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Stagnoli\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Stagnoli Gears\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/logo-stagnoli-shop.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/logo-stagnoli-shop.svg\",\"width\":1,\"height\":1,\"caption\":\"Stagnoli Gears\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/shop.stagnoligears.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/StagnoliGears\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@stagnoli_gears\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/showcase\\\/stagnoli-gears\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop","description":"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop","og_description":"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.","og_url":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/","og_site_name":"Stagnoli Gears Shop","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/StagnoliGears","article_modified_time":"2026-07-10T11:54:28+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/","url":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/","name":"Useful Force and Feed Speed in Rack Transmissions | Stagnoli Gears Shop","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-06-30T09:46:35+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-10T11:54:28+00:00","description":"Calculate useful force, feed speed, advance per revolution and radial loads in rack-and-pinion transmissions from torque, module and pinion teeth.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/technical-hub\/useful-force-and-feed-speed-in-rack-transmissions\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Useful force and feed speed in rack transmissions"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/","name":"Stagnoli","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#organization","name":"Stagnoli Gears","url":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-stagnoli-shop.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/logo-stagnoli-shop.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Stagnoli Gears"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/StagnoliGears","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@stagnoli_gears","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/showcase\/stagnoli-gears\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/centro-tecnico\/25609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/centro-tecnico"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/centro-tecnico"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"campo-applicazione","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/campo-applicazione?post=25609"},{"taxonomy":"categoria-ct","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shop.stagnoligears.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categoria-ct?post=25609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}